Nursing education System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing training System - Assignment Example The hypothetical piece of nursing training acquaints nurture understudies with the medicinal services condition and what their obligations and duties as attendants. With regards to down to earth preparing, the goal is to furnish medical caretakers with hands-on abilities and experience that permit them to execute the necessary obligations and duties. In this regard, nursing is a basic segment of the wellbeing framework foundation. The offer to upgrade social insurance framework is dependent upon the impact of a wide range of elements. Effective wellbeing frameworks exploit the accessibility of HR, which for this situation incorporate all social insurance experts. This makes nurture a basic piece of the example of overcoming adversity in that. In upgrading wellbeing framework foundation, one of the essential objectives is to guarantee that nurture persistent proportion stays positive for the government assistance of everybody. This means nursing is similarly as significant as some other human services perspective. The necessities of passage into nursing practice change starting with one nation then onto the next. In the United States, nursing training and practice passage programs are separated into four levels, to be specific: emergency clinic based confirmation, partner degree at medical clinic based level or at junior college level, bachelor’s certificate, and master’s qualification or higher (Shulman, 2009). The initial three levels are for the most part regular as passage point prerequisites while the last one is generally less normal. States assume a significant job in controlling nursing in the United States. Each State has its own methodologies and instruments of managing nursing rehearses. In the midst of state-level guideline, the American Nurses Association assumes a basic job in the medicinal services setting. This affiliation works with state governments in issues of subsidizing, proceeded with ability, and nursing training headway (Hawkins, 2011). The essential objective of nursing guideline is to guarantee that medical attendants are mindful and responsible, however

Essay Sample on Symbolism in the Scarlet Letter

Paper Sample on Symbolism in the Scarlet Letter All through the novel The Scarlet Letter there is the rehashed utilization of imagery. To certain perusers the utilization of rehashed imagery is Hawthornes approach to bring together the novel and include a more profound degree of significance to the story. To others this imagery is viewed as a dreary reiteration that gets mechanical on occasion. Henry James found the imagery in the Scarlet Letter exceptionally monotonous. James expresses that, In The Scarlet Letter there is a lot of imagery; there is I think, to an extreme. It is over done on occasion, and gets mechanical (445). To demonstrate his point James utilizes a model. James expresses that, The Idea of the spiritualist A which the youthful clergyman finds engraved upon his bosom and eating into his tissue, in compassion for the weaved identification that Hester is sentenced to wear appears to me to be an a valid example. This proposal should, I think have been recently made and dropped (445). The A, which is imbedded into Dimmesdale bosom, can be seen as James expressed. In spite of the fact that, others could contend that this A which covers his heart causes the peruser to see that the priest will always be unable to get away from his wrongdoing regardless of whether he doesnt have the solidarity to let it out. Dimmesdale is compelled to take the A with him any plac e he goes as a recognition. Without the An imbedded on his chest, the peruser would lose the important association between the miseries that Dimmesdale must face without uncovering his transgression. Likewise, the A that is on Dimmesdales bosom is more than once found in the motion of setting his hand over his heart. This is the pastors endeavor to cover his characteristic of corruption and forestall his presentation. It likewise recommends his anxious condition and lamented state. Two instances of Dimmesdale trapped in the demonstration of attempting to conceal his wrongdoing by this motion are when Hawthorne says, She won't talk! Mumbled Mr. Dimmesdale, who hanging over the gallery, with his hand upon his heart, had anticipated the aftereffect of his intrigue (64). This scene happens when Hester is on the platform and is approached to uncover the man who trespassed with her and she can't. The second case of this rehashed imagery is when Hawthorne composes The generally do,said the pastor, holding hard at his bosom as though beset with a urgent pulse of pain(121). This scene happens when Chillingworth is attempting to get Dimmesdale to admit to his transgression. Without the redundancy of Dimmesdale getting at his chest or putting his hand over his heart, the peruser would lose site of the misery that Dimmesdale is encountering staying quiet bolted away from the world. Henry James likewise contends that the reiteration of imagery ruins the wonderful composition of Hawthorne. This is bolstered by the scene where Dimmesdale is on the framework and calls Hester and Pearl to go along with him. James expresses that, In this skillful scene the impact is nearly ruined by the presentation of one of these shallow arrogances (445). Henry James is dazzled that it is an innovative, idyllic scene yet the red A vestiges it. James finishes up, We feel he goes to far and is at risk for going too far that isolates the magnificent from the close neighbor. We are enticed to state this isn't good catastrophe, however physical parody (446). Another perspective on this scene may be that the An encourages the peruser to see that neither Hester or Dimmesdale, any place they are, can ever get away from the crimson A that frequents them both due to their transgression. The An adds to the agony the characters are encountering and permits the peruser to get thoughtful. Withou t the redundancy of the dark red An it is difficult to see how profoundly it impacts all the characters in the Scarlet Letter and that it is a plague that will follow every one of them till their demises. There are three scenes in the Scarlet letter that incorporate the framework. In each of the three scenes the framework is an image of atonement and Gods stage upon the arrival of Judgment. It is an impression of showing up before the god-like in ones shortcoming. From the start Dimmesdale encounters incredible trouble in remaining on the stage and admitting his wrongdoing first when he solicits Hester to tell the world from the man who has trespassed with her and when he remains on the framework around evening time. Be that as it may, at long last, Dimmesdale can courageously remain on the framework and admit his transgressions in the light and before the Puritan individuals. With out these three scenes with the platform and the imagery that the framework holds, the peruser would be not able to encounter Dimmesdale the quitter or Dimmesdale standing firm for the wrongdoings he has submitted. When perusing a novel there is continually going to be various approaches to see the writers style of composing. In Henry Jamess case he establishes Hawthornes reiteration of imagery to be abused and detracted from the wonderful style that Hawthorne makes. In any case, others may have considered Hawthornes to be as the characterizing nature of the book. The imagery helped the novel characterize parts of the story and rehashed them so the peruser would not dismiss the significance of them. You can likewise arrange a specially composed research project, inquire about paper, proposition, exposition or article on imagery from our expert custom composing administration which gives top notch custom papers at a reasonable expense. Here is a rundown of the most intriguing exposition subjects on imagery: 1. Master of the Flies: Symbolism 2. Imagery in Oedipus Rex 3. Imagery in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown 4. The Symbolism Of The Conch, The Pigs Head And The Fire 5. Imagery in the short story The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe 6. The Symbolism found In A Rose for Emily 7. Imagery in Ethan Frome 8. Imagery in The Old Man and the Sea 9. Imagery in To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee 10. Imagery in Heart of Darkness 11. Imagery in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men 12. The Symbolism in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 13. Imagery in the Dead by James Joyce 14. Imagery in the Great Gatsby 15. Imagery in King Lear 16. Imagery in the Masque of the Red Death 17. The Symbolism of Captain Ahab in Moby Dick 18. Imagery in Mrs Dalloway 19. Ethan Frome Symbolism 20. Imagery in Faulkners Barn Burning 21. Imagery of Cyrano De Bergerac 22. Imagery of Robert Frost 23. imagery of Beowulf 24. Imagery in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† 25. Imagery in Morte DArthur 26. American Beauty imagery 27. Imagery of Plant in A Raisin In The Sun 28. Imagery of Blood in Macbeth 29. Imagery in Catcher of the Rye 30. Imagery in George Eliots The Lifted Veil

Write a Policy Manual for Treatment Individuals Essay

Compose a Policy Manual for Treatment Individuals - Essay Example It is in this manner significant that arrangement overseeing treatment people in the jails ought to be planned in light of the detainees and officials to guarantee perception of human rights. The International Convent on Civil and Political Rights expresses that â€Å"All people denied of their freedom will be treated with mankind and with deference for the characteristic poise of the human person.† The American Convention on Human rights under article 5 segment 2 likewise states and accentuates the significance of the equivalent. It is in this way significant for all expert working in jail offices to watch fundamental human rights shows, moral principles and strategies set by legal specialists when doing their occupations in rectifying conduct of detainees put under their consideration. A decent arrangement ought to underscore perception of certain significant basis in settling on choices on issues of moral concern, for example, the rights delighted in by detainees, their security and even clinical wellbeing. This is on the grounds that they are local officials, acquiring from open coffers and as such ought to play out their obligations in a way that makes guarant ees open trust in the foundations of revision. Experts working in jail offices ought to consistently make a point to completely recognize all realities so as not to act with probabilities or leave space for future expectation. They ought to allude to pertinent worth frameworks just as ideas on taking care of moral issues, for example, protection in the most ideal intrigue. For example for the situation where a detainee is debilitated and requires exceptional critical clinical consideration yet the principles confine section any official to the prisoner’s room at that point. It will be the obligation of the official to settle on the existence sparing choice of guaranteeing the detainee is joined in while alluding to accessible standards and ideas. Officials ought to likewise make it their business to discover all good

LEGAL REASONING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Legitimate REASONING - Essay Example The state offers charge exceptions on property left to companions after the demise of their accomplices (Wood, 2011). In any case, the state denied her solicitation on understanding that she was hitched to an individual of a similar sex. There was a government law in power in the US, the marriage demonstration that shielded marriage, DOMA, which neglected to incorporate an equivalent sex accomplice in its meaning of the term ‘spouse’ (Leonard, 2013). She chose to document a suit in court testing the lawfulness of the government law arrangement in the wake of consenting to settle the assessments. Both the US Courts of Appeal and the US District Court conveyed a decision that the arrangement in the rule law was not sacred and as such arranged the State of New York to give a discount for the whole paid by Windsor in charges for her property (Boies and Olson, 2008). The Supreme Court, in a comparative case pitting the Governor of Utah and the Salt Lake City Clerk, in their abilities against Derek Kitchen, Kate Call, Kody Partridge, Moudi Sbeity, Laurie Wood and Karen Archer, didn't maintain the choice by the territory of Utah to boycott relationships by same sex couples in 2004. The offended parties griped of maltreatment of their privileges by the territory of Utah, since it neglected to perceive such relationships and accord them the acknowledgment concurred to relationships between hetero accomplices (Engdahl, 2009). One reason given by the Supreme Court to legitimize their choice in the intrigue was that the arrangement of that government law energized the shortening of the privilege of every single American resident to wed any individual of their decision (Leonard, 2013). Further, it would prevent this segment from claiming the populace their entitlement to set up a family as they may will, bring up their kids just as appreciate the unlimited security offered by the laws of the State concerning relationships (Fredericks, 2009). Equity Kennedy placed that the Fourteenth Amendment in the US Constitution secured these rights. It has consistently been a

Greek audience Essay Example for Free

Greek crowd Essay The brains of present day theater goers are to some degree languid contrasted with their Greek partners, many years back. Today we go to a play and, best case scenario sulk and follow the story, we stay quiet all through and possibly the most investigative and disparaging of us will have a few musings on the screenplay. The Greeks anyway had an affinity with the play, they observed each move, and got behind each line particularly in disaster. The reasons why this happened are as per the following: Modern plays fall into the class of figment shows. The Audience are undetectable onlookers of others lives. The characters are made to look and act persuading, so a ruler will be dressed elaborately, a young lady will really be little young lady, and a cowpoke will brandish a Stetson and colt 45. The crowd have everything compensated for them thus they think that its simple to fall into the figment and simply watch. Greek Theater is traditional show, the characters are frequently not in outfit and images just demonstrate who was who in the play. For instance a lord may wear a basic crown on his head. In Greek show all the entertainers wore veils. Every one of these elements made it requesting on a Greek crowd to follow the play before them. In actuality they are compelled to observe cautiously and a compatibility is created between the crowd and the play. This crowd got exceptionally vocal during an exhibition, which is all piece of the affinity. Today we go to a theater and perhaps watch a play, which we have never observed, Greek plays were all notable stories, and the subjects and issues were notable to the crowd. The absence of an unexpected component implies the crowd watches the play with a basic eye perceiving how well the play was done, and furthermore whether screenwriter has embedded a good or policy driven issue. This is represented in The Aeneid, Virgil makes Aeneas a precursor to the Roman race. Iulus who was his relative was straightforwardly connected to Julius Caesar the tyrant of the time. By doing this he legitimizes the historical backdrop of the people groups past, and they view the story in another light. The Aeneid would be politically fascinating to the normal Greek because of the Carthaginian wars. Indeed, even the notice of Carthage would have alarmed the crowd and they would be satisfied to see that the city was raised to the ground The issue of ethical quality, as I said is frequently investigated, and represented in a character, Was Oedipus unethical? The Greek crowd would need to consider every option over this deplorable inquiry. From one perspective he wasnt in light of the fact that he didnt realize what he was doing, however yet he was reviled and pulverized like an improper individual. This is the place the grievous component lies, the crowd would feel for him and supplicate that they themselves dont endure a comparative destiny. Then again he was scandalous, which was profoundly shameless in Greek occasions, and this is an issue I will cover later in my article. Greek performance center anyway is loaded with tense and astounding minutes. During Oedipus the ruler, Jocasta knew that Oedipus was going to discover his destiny. The scenes here were exceptionally tense. The crowd would get behind it and voice their fervor. The best writers when they put on the performance will remember sensational incongruity for the play. The entire Oedipus the lord is based around this. The crowd mindful of his destiny watch him wriggle to his fate, since they know and can't stop it happening makes it much increasingly deplorable. At the point when Tiresias the prophet enters, Virgil makes numerous references to visual deficiency and disarray, all reflect Oedipus state, as he doesnt know reality, yet is profoundly unexpected on the grounds that the visually impaired minister is the just a single mindful of the up and coming risk. As I have represented the exact opposite thing a Greek crowd will do is to sit quietly through the play. They would mumble to one another, heave, once in a while even cheer at the activity unfurling before them. The entire experience would be something other than an excursion; it is increasingly an ethical exercise, and a spot loaded with high feeling suggestive of a cutting edge church. The Greek crowd would be strict individuals; the entire venue experience was infact a demonstration of love, and it was respected the privilege and obligation of each resident to join in. In the performance center a sculpture of Dionysus was available adding to the strict undercurrent. Having builds up the strict significance of the theater; it is justifiable how the crowd have issues of ethical quality and regard to the Gods on their brains. At the point when Oedipus is scandalous, this is considered profoundly indecent as he had full command over his activities not at all like his different activities. Everybody was required to go to the theater, and even the individuals who couldnt manage the cost of it were paid for by the state. One can just envision however the environment was brimming with individuals from varying backgrounds. It is said there were around 14000 individuals in the oval molded field sat all round, this is practically similar to a cutting edge football coordinate. The tremendous social significance of the auditorium can be seen and comprehended from this, individuals went there to impart thoughts to companions, see companions, and meet individuals. I can envision that in view of every one of these elements and assortment of individuals, the aud itorium was a fascinating spot. Individuals would clearly have various thought processes in going yet it is built up that it was something other than diversion.

Marketing Environments and Strategy in the firms - Free Essay Example

Based on the fact of ABC Learning Corporations rise and fall situation provided in the case, this report will address the factors which caused such financial changes in the company. With regard to marketing theory, a situation analysis is conducted highlighting the marketing environment and marketing strategy to contribute the success or failure of a business. Through this analysis, it will not be hard to conclude that the ABC Learnings loss was caused by the improper marketing management. Environmental factors played very important role for ABC Learnings growth. The marketing strategies applied by the ABC Learning Company may not be very appropriate for its long-term development. Due to these improper marketing strategies, ABC Learning faces its final days. Therefore, on the basis of ABC Learning case analysis, the report will finally make some recommendations in terms of the marketing theories for improving companys business and sustainable growth. 2.0 Situation analysis 2.1 Introduction Background ABC Learning is a child-care centre which is founded by Eddie Groves and his wife Le Neve in 1988. It was publicly listed in 2001 with 43 child-care centres in Australia and a market capitalisation of $25 million. The company expanded rapidly to more than 2000 centres around the world and peaked at a market value of over $4 billion in the next seven years. Unfortunately, ABC Company faced a great loss in the end of 2008. The purpose of this report is to analyse the root causes of the loss with a view of its environments and marketing strategies. 2.2 Analysis 2.2.1 Environmental factors Obviously, environmental factors have made positive impact on ABC Learning growth and expansion in its child-care business in Australia in the first several years. Environmental factors including cultural and social changes, and federal government policies over the childrens early education and economy factor. As it is shown in the article, social and cultural changes refer to the changing role of women who have to go out to get work and support the family so as to afford the high home prices. Therefore, the need of taking their children to the child-care centres is a must choice for many parents. In addition, the federal government has also been very supportive of childcare industry and provides many subsidies to the childcare centres. The government has made plenty of policies to encourage childcare industry development, such as childcare tax rebate scheme which covered 30 percent of the expenses of approved childcare in 2004 and was even increased to 50 percent in 2008. Another policy made by the government which is very beneficial to the childcare industry is that the government has been encouraging people to have more children with introduction of baby bonus scheme. Third environmental factor driving the childcare business grow is due to economy development in those years. During the seven years (2001-2007), the overall economy in Australia developed very well. As environmental factors (also named as marketing environment) can impact upon the organization very much, it is very important for organization to analyse its marketing environment through its run period. Marketing environment include three key perspectives: the macro-environment, the micro-environment and the internal environment (Cant, Strydom Jooste, 2009). Here in this case, the macro-environment is emphasized. Macro-environment refers to all factors which can influence organization but organization can not directly control. The macro-environment factors include demographic forces, economic forces, natural forces, political forces, cultural forces, and technological forces (Copley, 2004). Apparently, ABCs development and growth was greatly dominated by the macro-environment, namely, cultural social forces, political forces and economic forces. While these environmental factors have mainly contributed a positive impact on ABC organization, they also have posed some negative impact for the development of ABC. For example, government also requires comprehensive facilities and adequate qualified staff in the childcare centers, which led to high underlying cost structure. Also the economy is very important for the growth of the organization. In 2008, the worldwide financial crisis significantly influenced many firms and led to many bankruptcies and it also apparently have made negative impact on ABC Learning greatly. Therefore, since the marketing environment is very crucial for business success or failure, firms or organizations should make enough observation and analysis to the business surroundings and its overall environment. 2.2.2 Marketing strategies Another obvious factor causing ABCs fall in its business is its improper marketing strategies. ABC Learning has always been pursuing the growth strategy to expand its business in both domestic market and overseas market. Through its growth strategy, ABC has expanded its business very quickly at all cost at the same time. In 2007, it has opened more than 2200 centers in only a few years. ABC Learning implemented its local and international marketing strategies in a full range. It is widely known that marketing strategy is a very important tool for business growing for organization. Therefore, in order to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the industry, organization should develop a effective marketing strategy so that it will allow company or organization to maximize its interests by using limited resources (Knight, 2000). An effective marketing strategy requires a strategic planning which is defined as the process of developing and maintaining a strat egic fit between the organizations goals and capabilities in the light of changing marketing opportunities (Steiner, 1997). In ABC case, its marketing strategies are obviously turned out not to be fit with its organizations capabilities and finally resulted in a great financial loss in 2008. ABC Learning was trying every way to grow the business at a very costly business model. ABC group has 39 companies, which result in a intensive corporate expenses, in addition, it also required outside support, such as recruitment firms to help it with business growth. By only pursuing business growth and expansion in both local and international markets, ABC Learning was not concerned with its capital management. It also ignored its accounting and auditing systems so that it had not been able to find its profits losing. Therefore, in February 2008, reduced profitability and a major increase in debt was shown in its half-yearly financial results. 3.0 Evaluation of alternative managerial decisions arising from situation analysis According to the above analysis, the major reason for ABCs fall in the business is due to its improper marketing strategies. It expanded its business only by growth strategy at a very costly model. There is actually a better way that ABC could have chosen to expand its business by continuing to raise money and pursue its growth through an acquisition strategy. In this way, ABC Learning could be successful in the long run. Acquisition strategy refers to one firm purchases all or part of assets or property right of another firm and further influence and control the enterprise which is purchased and strengthen its overall competitive advantage so as to realize its operation goal (Yoshikawa, 2003). Usually acquisition is a more effective way for organizations growth compared with company seeking for development by its internal strength. Acquisition can reduce risk and save cost and avoid difficulties within the industry. Acquisition can effectively save time. Through acquisition, compa ny can expand its scale in a very short time and improve its competitive capability. If company applies internal investment, it will be restricted by the construction period, resources acquisition and allocation so as to slow down the companys development speed. Acquisition can also boost the company to develop in the overseas market. Once a company enters into a new market environment, it will face with plenty of difficulties including different operation management method, different operation environment, limitation of government regulations etc. Therefore, by acquisition method, company can fit into the foreign market environment more quickly. ABC Learning was pursuing its development mostly by internal investment. This has increased its capital burden and increased its management difficulty. 4.0 Recommendations Given the above evaluation of alternative managerial decision arising fro situation that ABC Learning is facing now, a few recommendations are suggested. Since ABC Learning now is facing with its fall in business, it is recommended to begin to downsize its subsidiary companies so as to reduce its corporate expenses and reduce cost. It should also slow down the pace of establishing new centres in both local and international markets and concentrate on solving the current financial problems. It is also recommended that ABC could sell some of its centres in the overseas markets, which has already been done by selling 60% of its US business in March 2008. Now ABC Learning should focus on its management reform and concentrate on its development in the domestic market and raise money and pay off the debt. It should begin to integrate the centres in local market as it is known that it has resulted in extensive market coverage with some centres located close together. If ABC Learning wishe s to be growing in the future, it should revise its growth strategy and make a suitable marketing strategy for its organization. It is also suggested that ABC Learning in the future should closely research on its environmental factors and use the positive environmental factors to boost its business and avoid the negative factors. In a word, for any organization, environmental factors and marketing strategy are very essential elements for the growth and expansion.

Human Resource Management Essay - 275 Words

Human Resource Management (Essay Sample) Content: Management conceptsNameInstitutionProfessors NameCourse titleDate of submission Managing TeamsA team or a group is a group of people with different skills and tasks and work together on a common project. These people sharea common purpose, to which they are all committed, and they are empowered to set goals, solve problems and making decisions. Groupthink occurs when a team makes poor decisions and become unwilling to criticize each others ideas and suggestions. Groups affected by groupthink ignore alternatives and take irrational actions that dehumanize other groups. A group is vulnerable to groupthink when its members have a similar background, when the group does not get opinions from outside, and when the rules for decision making are not clearly. Actions that the team leaders or managers can take to mitigate groupthinkinclude:Creating small groups that each work on the same task or problem Team members to discuss some issues with outsiders and report backInvite experts from outside to observe team processes and react to themAssign someone to be devils advocate at each team meetingEncourage the group to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of propositions and consider alternativesUse some anonymously conducted surveys to gather and report on issues or data that cannot be useful or sensibly discussed in the group context.SlackersSlacker are people who dont really care about the work at hand. Slackers miss their deadlines and often respond negatively to motivation. The slacker draws out a variety of responses from the other group members that could include hostility and verbal insults. Other group members tend to copy the same characteristics, and this further drives the team into complacency. Others respond by withdrawing or trying their best to ignore the slacker and revitalize the group. This makes most of the team or group members to undergo some level of stress. Slackers can greatly impact teams performance.Some of these impacts in clude;Itcan have a cumulative negative impact on the way people view the reliability of the group and management skills hence a bad reputation. A slackers lack of contribution to the group leads to reduced work productivity. Other team members lose morale to work when slackers are allowed not to contribute to group efforts, yet they receive the same credit with the people in the team who actually did the work. This will create a tense environment because they will resent the slacker. Barcelona Restaurant GroupHiring staff at a customer service based business greatly determines the growth of the business. It could be used to maximize profits at businesses that do not focus on customers. Being a service based business, Barcelona Restaurant Group hires staff all the time and uses a 3 stage recruitment process the restaurant transient business is always very high with workers coming and g... Human Resource Management Essay - 275 Words Human Resource Management (Essay Sample) Content: Management conceptsNameInstitutionProfessors NameCourse titleDate of submission Managing TeamsA team or a group is a group of people with different skills and tasks and work together on a common project. These people sharea common purpose, to which they are all committed, and they are empowered to set goals, solve problems and making decisions. Groupthink occurs when a team makes poor decisions and become unwilling to criticize each others ideas and suggestions. Groups affected by groupthink ignore alternatives and take irrational actions that dehumanize other groups. A group is vulnerable to groupthink when its members have a similar background, when the group does not get opinions from outside, and when the rules for decision making are not clearly. Actions that the team leaders or managers can take to mitigate groupthinkinclude:Creating small groups that each work on the same task or problem Team members to discuss some issues with outsiders and report backInvite experts from outside to observe team processes and react to themAssign someone to be devils advocate at each team meetingEncourage the group to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of propositions and consider alternativesUse some anonymously conducted surveys to gather and report on issues or data that cannot be useful or sensibly discussed in the group context.SlackersSlacker are people who dont really care about the work at hand. Slackers miss their deadlines and often respond negatively to motivation. The slacker draws out a variety of responses from the other group members that could include hostility and verbal insults. Other group members tend to copy the same characteristics, and this further drives the team into complacency. Others respond by withdrawing or trying their best to ignore the slacker and revitalize the group. This makes most of the team or group members to undergo some level of stress. Slackers can greatly impact teams performance.Some of these impacts in clude;Itcan have a cumulative negative impact on the way people view the reliability of the group and management skills hence a bad reputation. A slackers lack of contribution to the group leads to reduced work productivity. Other team members lose morale to work when slackers are allowed not to contribute to group efforts, yet they receive the same credit with the people in the team who actually did the work. This will create a tense environment because they will resent the slacker. Barcelona Restaurant GroupHiring staff at a customer service based business greatly determines the growth of the business. It could be used to maximize profits at businesses that do not focus on customers. Being a service based business, Barcelona Restaurant Group hires staff all the time and uses a 3 stage recruitment process the restaurant transient business is always very high with workers coming and g... Human Resource Management Essay - 275 Words Human Resource Management (Essay Sample) Content: NameTask professorDateHuman Resource ManagementHuman resource management (HRM) has become a major business idea in the past few decades. It prominence has increased to a degree whereby companies have adopted as a key business strategy. HRM is the function within a given company, which concentrates on management of, recruitment as well as offering direction to people who work in these organizations. Has become a major strategic tool and it is performed by line managers. A company's human resources department is accountable for creating, implementing and/or supervision of policies governing worker behavior and the behavior of the firm toward its workers. In addition, staffing is the nucleus constituent of HRM. Staffing deals with setting guidelines as well as procedures to show recruiting as well as placement (Kato Morishima 943).The Japanese HRM model has frequently been acknowledged as a key factor to the rise of the Japanese economy, chiefly during the 1980s. Never theless, the same Japanese HRM which till lately has been much illustrious in the western nations, and presented as a role-model to be learned from , is now more and more perceived as old-fashioned, and necessitating considerable reform. Others, nevertheless, continue to emphasize its intrinsic strengths and warn against noteworthy change. On the other hand, American comprehending of HRM has conventionally been perceived by Japanese managers with cynicism. It is regarded as contradicting in several ways the wide concept of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"respect for people' and the aim of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"human resource development' that is embedded into the Japanese management philosophy. In specific, the idea of defining the employees of a corporation as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"resources' (instead of members of the company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"family') that require to be managed (instead of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"developed') runs divergent to the key concepts of traditional Japanese HRM. Nevertheless, in response to the d eep crisis of the Japanese economy as well as management replica, which has lasted for more than a decade now, it is clear that some shift toward Western management values is taking place (Storey 5).Furthermore, thus, mirroring the economic growth patterns, adoption of Japanese HRM values appears in the USA to be mostly an issue of the past, while the subject of adoption of American HRM policies is more present in Japan than ever. The key subject in Japan seems to be to find a new balance between the continuance of traditional (human resource) management principles and changes enthused mainly by Western or more specifically American approaches. Concerning finally the detailed U.S understanding of (human resource) management, it has to be accomplished that this is a theme of no significant weight in Japanese business research, if it is considered at all (Rowley Keith 23).With regard to the adoption of elements of the American HRM by Japanese firms, it is prominent that the main amou nt of items the Japanese managers raise are concerned with the decline of the seniority philosophy: "performance orientation" (by far the most frequently cited feature by the Japanese), "result and objective orientationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "performance as well as outcome orie...

Understanding Participial Phrases

A participial phrase or clause is a wonderful tool for writers because it gives color and action to a sentence. By employing verbals—words derived from a verb—along with other grammatical elements, an author can craft clauses that function as an adjective, modifying nouns and pronouns. The participial phrase contains a participle and the other words in the phrase that modify the noun or pronoun. They cant stand alone as complete sentences. Present or Past Participial phrases or clauses consist of a present participle  (a verbal ending in ing) or past participle (a verbal ending in en ed,  d, t, n, or ne), plus modifiers, objects, and complements. A participle may  be followed by  an  adverb, a  prepositional phrase, an  adverb clause, or any combination of these.  They are set off by commas and function the same way adjectives do in a sentence. Past-participial phrase:  Invented by an Indiana housewife in 1889, the first dishwasher was driven by a steam engine.Present-participial phrase:  Working before unfriendly crowds, the referee has orders to exude poise under the most trying circumstances. Here, for example, the participial phrase consists of a present participle (holding), an object (the flashlight), and an adverb (steadily): Holding the flashlight steadily,  Jenny approached the strange creature. In the next sentence, the participial phrase includes a present participle (making), an object (a great ring), and a prepositional phrase (of white light): Jenny waved the flashlight over her head,  making a great ring of white light. Placement and Punctuation Participial phrases can appear in one of three places within a sentence, but  be careful not to risk awkwardness or confusion by placing it too far from the word it modifies. For example, a participial phrase that indicates a cause usually precedes the  main clause and sometimes follows the  subject, but only rarely appears at the end of the sentence. No matter where they are, they always modify a subject. Correctly punctuating a sentence that contains such a clause depends on where it is placed in reference to the subject. Before the main  clause, the participial phrase is followed by a comma: Speeding down the highway, Bob didnt notice the police car. After the main clause, it is preceded by a comma: The gamblers silently arranged their cards, losing themselves in thought. In mid-sentence position, it is set off by commas before and after: The real estate agent, thinking of her profit potential, decided not to buy the property. In each sentence below, the participial phrase clearly modifies the subject (my sister) and suggests a cause: Discouraged by the long hours and low pay, my sister finally quit her job.My sister,  discouraged by the long hours and low pay, finally quit her job. But consider what happens when the participial phrase moves to the end of the sentence: My sister finally quit her job,  discouraged by the long hours and low pay. Here the logical order of cause-effect is reversed, and as a result, the sentence may be less effective than the first two versions. While the sentence absolutely works grammatically, some may misread that the job is feeling discouraged, instead of the sister. Dangling Participial Phrases Although participial phrases can be an effective tool, beware. A misplaced or dangling participial phrase can cause embarrassing errors. The easiest way to tell whether a phrase is being used correctly is to look at the subject it is modifying. Does the relationship make sense? Dangling phrase: Reaching for a glass, the cold soda called my name.Corrected phrase: Reaching for a glass, I could hear the cold soda calling my name. The first example is illogical; a bottle of soda cant reach for a glass—but a person can pick up that glass and fill it. Be careful when combining sentences and converting one to a participial phrase to keep the subject of the sentence that goes with the adjectival phrase. For instance, you wouldnt want the following sentences: I curled my toes and squinted.The doctor prepared to puncture my arm with a needle. to turn into: Curling my toes and squinting, the doctor prepared to puncture my arm with a needle. Here the participial phrase refers to  the doctor  when it should refer to  I—a pronoun thats not in the sentence. This kind of problem is called a  dangling modifier, dangling participle, or misplaced modifier. We can correct this dangling modifier either by adding  I  to the sentence or by replacing the participial phrase with an  adverb clause: Curling my toes and squinting,  I waited for the doctor to puncture my arm with a needle.As I curled my toes and squinted, the doctor prepared to puncture my arm with a needle. Gerunds vs. Participles A gerund is a verbal that also ends in ing, just like participles in the present tense. You can tell them apart by looking at how they function within a sentence.  A gerund functions as a  noun, while a  present participle functions as an adjective. Gerund:  Laughing  is good for you.Present participle: The laughing woman clapped her hands with joy. Gerund Clauses vs. Participial Phrases Confusing gerunds or participles can be easy because both can also form clauses. The simplest way to differentiate the two is to use the word it in place of the verbal. If the sentence still makes grammatical sense, youve got a gerund clause: If not, its a participial phrase. Gerund phrase: Playing golf relaxes Shelly.Participial phrase: Waiting for takeoff, the pilot radioed the control tower.

A Literature Review on International Business - 8061 Words

A Literature Review on International Business Introduction Engaging in international business is one of the most important factors that a businessman must consider in order to gain more financial strength and stability for his company. One reason of investing to other countries provides a much larger opportunity for growth. But the success of a business also depends on choosing the right country to transact with, and having the ability to negotiate with that country in terms of their rules and policies, in a fairly considerable way. To be able to do this would guarantee both countries’ relationship to be beneficial. On the other hand, most developed countries trade and invest with developing countries because of less competition in†¦show more content†¦The operation of domestic firm in overseas branches is one of the studies that should be taken to consideration in international business. One example of this is a Japanese firm can have its branch in other countries. Toyota of Philippines is considered as a domestic firm in an overseas branch. Farmer and Richman (1966) stated that this type of international business involves a management dimension in a foreign environment, and as such is one of the most complex and interesting types of international business studies. Firms cannot assume in this case that management problems will be identical to those faced at home. The import and export trade is also an important branch in business internationally for it involves the purchasing of products by a local firm, like Bangladesh from other local firms in foreign countries, e.g. Australia and sell them in Bangladesh, or an that manufacturer may sell his domestically produced products abroad. Farmer and Richman (1966) stressed that this area of study has long been of interest to economists, since the flows of international trade have considerable impact on the development and operations of the local economy. 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Examination of the Settings in The Signalman, The Man With...

Examination of the Settings in The Signalman, The Man With The Twisted Lip and The Red Room These stories are mysteries and they try to keep the reader gripped until the ending, for example in The Red Room, the reader reads on to see what happens to the man and whether the room is really haunted. The Man With The Twisted Lip also keeps the reader in suspense, as the reader would want to know how the man was missing or whether he was dead and also want to know what happened. In the Signalman, also draws the readers attention, because He seems odd and there is something mysterious about him that the readers would want to find out. For each one, there is a solution at the end because, at the end of†¦show more content†¦He had been involved in a railway accident in 1865, when He was travelling to London by Train when it derailed at high speed, killing 10 peoples and injuring many more and wrote The Signalman a year later. The Man With The Twisted Lip (TMWTTL), written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in 1891, was one of his many Sherlock Holmes tales, which display aspects of life, in this last decade of the Victorias reign the first appearance of the fictional Sherlock Holmes was in 1887, whilst the real- life Jack the Ripper committed his gruesome and notorious murders the following year, in autumn, 1888. Conan Doyle is very precise in describing the location, which was the same dense network of streets in East London, frequented by Jack the Ripper, who was never caught, the Victorians consoled themselves by the thought that few outwitted the brilliant detective Conan Doyles books. The Red Room by H G Wells, was written in 1894. Wells story is the most recent of the three yet; the choices that he made its setting and contents deliberately bestow on it an almost timeless quality. He also even makes clear of how old- fashioned the castle is. Wells did not wish this story to be closely linked with the period in which he wrote it unlike the other two stories, so that he could

Aristotle On The Human End Essay - 1331 Words

Dinh Nguyen Second Essay Assignment; Oct. 28: Aristotle on the human end (telos) In book I of the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle establishes the essence of a good life before he discusses the specifics of how one can train to live a good life later in his work. In the grand scheme of his introduction, Aristotle asserts: in order to live an excellent and complete life, i.e. the best life, every mean with reasons and virtues works towards happiness, or Eudaimonia, which is the end (telos) for the sake of itself of all actions (praxis). We will discuss how Aristotle logically arrives at that position and why this position matters. Aristotle first explains what the good ([x]), i.e. the ultimate goal of all ends, is by introducing what is not [x], but shares the characteristics with [x], or is partially [x]. According to Aristotle, â€Å"people reach their conception of the good from . . . from the lives ,† which consists of three types: the life of gratification, the life of political activity, and the life of study (NE I.5.1095b.15-20, 873-874). Each of these lives values a different end. For instance, the life of gratification of the many wants pleasure while the life of political activity of the cultivated people wants honor, which is external validation (NE I.5.1095b.17-30, 874). Thus, each of these ends cannot be the goods because they are not the ends for the sake of themselves. However, knowing why these ends do not constitute the good builds up the case for Aristotle toShow MoreRelatedAristotle And Heidegger s Theories About Ethics1525 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle and Heidegger have contrastin g theories about ethics. 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The Fundamental Concepts Dissertation

Questions: 1 What your dissertation is about? 2 The reasons for choosing this particular topic? 3 Potential benefits to the company. 4 The consequences of the current problems. 5 How you intend to undertake the research PLEASE THIS PART I NEED IT TO MENTION THAT ALL MY PROJECT WILL BE THEORETICAL RESEARCH NOT ANY OTHER. Answers: Introduction to the Dissertation Topic The paper presents the fundamental concepts associated with the performances various supply chain tools or models, and their implications for the overall business chain management and risks. Therefore, the research is intended to investigate and explore the suitable supply chain for determining the risks associated with the multiple types of supply chain operations. From the basic concept, it is observed that different companies around the world utilize different types of models to manage their supply chain efficiently. However, the standard application of these models is based on providing support to share critical information to the management areas, controlling the flow of useful materials, and conducting assessment related to the costs and performance of various supply chain partners (Dornfeld and Linke 2012). For an example, the activity-based costing (ABC Costing) and customer assessment are the striking instances of such scenario. Therefore, the research is aimed to develop ap propriate knowledge about the impacts of risks management associated with the supply chain of the Robinsons Energy Solutions to influence the logistics and other relevant areas of management. Rationale of Selecting the Topic There is awide range of tools adopted by the management for addressing the risks associated with the operations and ensuring the management procedures are running smoothly. Therefore, the achievement of business results largely depends on the successful application of these tools and the different levels of such applications (Jin and Lin 2012). In order to ensure the successful selection and implementation of the supply chain management tools, the businesses operations of Robinsons must need to gather the critical level of understanding regarding the key concepts associated with the risk management procedures and approaches. Hence, the rationale of this research is based on developing suitable understanding about the risk management performances and their consequences on the overall areas of management including the supply chain and logistics. Potential Benefits to the Company In order to manage the supply chain risks, the management team of Robinsons must need to generate understanding about the major categorizations of the potential hazards. Generally, there are two different kinds of risks commonly known as quantity risks and price risks. These risks can be further categorized by considering the nature of the risks associated with the various spheres of management (Kouvelis 2011). The particular environment, in which the company is operating, is increasingly changing caused by multiple external factors, such as the market shares, taxation rules and guidelines, and fluctuation of different rates. On the other hand, the risk management approaches and procedures adopted by the management of the company successfully consider these factors for ensuring the development of an effective risk management framework and providing potential benefits to the supply chain and logistic processes. Problem Statement and Consequences There are different challenges, which might be faced by the supply chain of Robinsons. These challenges are majorly caused by the material, financial, or informational risks. The implications of these risks can significantly disrupt at least one of the supply chain flows associated with the overall management process. Therefore, the potential impact of the disruption can be noted across the entire areas of supply chain. There are numerous examples from the global business environment suggesting the emergence of different kinds of risks and the potential exposures of the companies critically (Xu, Yasinzai and Lev 2013). In order to investigate the primary reason causing the emergence of such problems, the researchers from the different periods provided increasing concerns over the volatility of the supply chains followed by the companies. Hence, the growing amount of priority should need to be given to the roles played by the supply chain executives, as the research and practices must need to be concentrated on identifying the key problems and their consequences successfully. Processes Undertaken for the Study In order to investigate the impacts of risks occurring from the supply chain and logistic activities of a particular company, the study is required to develop an understanding of the theories and models formed by the major scholars and researcher. According to Aliahmadi, Jafari, and Amiri (2006), an individual company can take several steps to manage, mitigate, transfer, or decide to assume the risks associated with the supply chain and logistic process of the business. Based on the argument raised by Bakshi and Kleindorfer (2009), one of the most efficient strategies to manage supply chain risks is ensuring the engagement of key supply chain partners. With the help of the process, a coordinated approach can be developed, which is crucial for developing and maintaining cooperation within the supply chain practices of Robinsons Energy Solutions (Zhong 2013). Smooth flows of information and monetary data generated during the business can be established and risks related to the differen t transactions can be successfully avoided. Additionally, SWOT and PESTLE analyses will be carried out regarding the identified company to recognise the weak and strong areas of the business operations. Resource Implications The proposed processes undertaken for the study are expected to bring improvements to not only the supply chain and logistic aspect of the company, but also to the profitability position as well. With the help of the literature supporting the various supply chain and logistic models, the company can create a proper sequence of activities as dictated by Christopher et al. (2011). Therefore, a suitable control mechanism for the enterprise can be established by the help of the resources (Dornfeld and Linke 2012). In conclusion, it can be identified that failure to establish an effective control mechanism causes considerable amount threat for the logistic and supply chain operations of Robinsons. On the other hand, the implications from SWOT and PESTLE analyses expected to carry out will provide vital understanding about the improving areas and areas require further enhancement for Robinsons. The models and strategies also can be implemented by developing suitable sense regarding the are as of opportunities and for the company. References Dornfeld, D. and Linke, B. (2012).Leveraging technology for a sustainable world.Heidelberg: Springer. Jin, D. and Lin, S. (2012).Advances in electronic engineering, communication and management.Berlin: Springer. Kouvelis, P. (2011).Integrated risk management handbook. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Xu, J., Yasinzai, M. and Lev, B. (2013).Proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management.London: Springer. Zhong, Z. (2013).Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Engineering and Applications (IEA) 2012.London: Springer.

AgamemnonS Apology To Achilles Essay Example For Students

AgamemnonS Apology To Achilles Essay From the very beginning of the poem, the character Achilles is one of the major foci of the story. His actions of lack of actions have enormous effects upon how the plot unfolds. Starting with the fight with Agamemnon and his withdrawal from the battle, to the death of Patroklos, and finally to the slaying of Hektor, Achilles and his emotions decide the fate of many Greek and Trojan warriors. It is his struggle against his anger, pride, loyalty, and love that make this poem one of a tragic nature, rather than just a gruesome account of a war. Although the reputation of Achilles claims him to be the perfect warrior, strongest of the Greeks, the poem spends more time on the man than on his reputation. I think the most obvious presentation of this occurs in the final book and is consistent with the character earlier in the poem. We will write a custom essay on AgamemnonS Apology To Achilles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I believe the most speculation about inconsistencies in Achilles character would center on his savageness towards the Trojans, especially Hektor, after the death of Patroklos, and his sensitivity towards Priams plea for his sons body. It could be considered odd that Achilles is so understanding to Priam and the burial of Priams son, when not that long ago Achilles was dragging the body of Hektor around the grave of Patroklos. This is the same corpse that Achilles vowed to feed to the dogs, the man who slew Achilles dearest companion and led him to swallow his pride and return to the battlefield. I believe that this is not the same Achilles we saw prior to the death of his loving companion Patroklos. After Patroklos rode off into battle and was cut down by a mix of divine intervention and Hektor, grief and the desire to revenge the death of Patroklos consumed Achilles. Thus I feel his behaviour throughout these books where he is moved to battle is a function of his personality acting under tremendous pain and grief. A better place to view Achilles is in the first book. The argument that Achilles presents at the beginning of the poem is very rational and heartfelt and surprises me that it took ten years for it finally to get mentioned. Achilles sheds light on the fact that all the Greeks are at Troy to fight over the pride and honour of Agamemnons brother and is brave enough to stand up to the king and call him greedy and selfish. His lack of hatred towards the Trojans as a people is easily seen in his statements about how the people of Troy had never wronged him prior to the conflict. This sympathy for the Trojans comes back in the final book where Achilles promises Priam twelve days of cease-fire to mourn and bury Hektor. This action, as I have said earlier, seems strange when set so close to the death of Hektor, but in context with Achilles earlier, it is not hard to believe that he would do this. Achilles is a very passionate man, not just in warfare but in his feelings for his close friends and family and for people in general. Of all enemies, the Trojans are very hard not to like or at least be pitied. All the Trojans, except for Paris, are good-hearted family men who are defending their homes, wives, and kids from destruction just because foolish Paris refuses to give up his beautiful wife. I think author intends that reader feel sorry for the people of Troy. After the last book, the reader is left with an image of Achilles that is hard not to respect. Achilles graciously puts away his anger and welcomes the father of the enemy, showing his skill of hospitality, which was also seen in the welcoming of the embassy from Agamemnon. Then Achilles mourns with Priam, returns the corpse of Hektor, and offers the king relief from fighting so the people can properly bury Hektor. This is a very mature Achilles we see here. I think the reason for him being slightly more mature in this last book than in earlier books is not to do with the book being a later addition, but rather that Achilles grows up. .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4 , .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4 .postImageUrl , .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4 , .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4:hover , .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4:visited , .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4:active { border:0!important; } .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4:active , .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4 .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c9341e8a528628fa353ab10c6cf22b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: optimism in candide EssayAchilles is a man of noble principles all throughout the poem. His argument with Agamemnon is a testament to that. When Achilles refuses the gifts of Agamemnon that were offered to him, Achilles shows that his principles rank higher than desire for fame on the battlefield. The only point at which I think he compromises his principles is when he allows Patroklos and his men to go off and fight and refuses to go himself. I think that, at that point in the story, he is putting foolish pride before his loyalty and love for his friend. This is the tragedy of human flaws and the shortsightedness that goes along with anger. This scene in the story is one of transition, not just in the turn of the war, but in the maturing of Achilles as he finally begins to follow the path of his destiny. He chooses a fate of death over dishonour, truly a heros decision. Then after he avenges his fallen companion and the blood lust has left his system, he shows his growth and new understanding of loss in the touching scene with Priam. The last book is not an all new Achilles, but instead the same Achilles who is perhaps wiser due to the lessons that only death can teach. The tragedy of the Trojans is that they are good people who are destined to fall to the Greeks because of one woman, but the main tragedy centers on Achilles. Forced out of battle by an argument with a despicable Agamemnon, forced to linger and watch his comrades die, and, finally, forced into a destiny of early death and the loss of his dearest friend. Yet, as tragic as his character is, Achilles still is human enough to grant an old man a wish, though it hurts him to do so. Book 24 is not about Achilles the fighter or the hero, but rather the noble man that he is all throughout the poem.

The It Professionals Role In Competitive Market Intelligence Essays

The It Professional's Role In Competitive Market Intelligence Abstract The successful company will be driven to increase stakeholder value and profitability while creating a working environment that encourages and nurtures the growth of personal creativity and development as well as nurturing a sense of well-being for all members of the organization. When dealing with the forces that drive industry competition, a company can devise a strategy that takes the offensive. This posture is designed to do more than merely cope with the forces themselves; it is meant to alter their causes. The IT professional's role in competitive market intelligence The IT professional is increasingly being called upon to be a sleuth in the quest for the competitive market intelligence that is so necessary to support the enterprise's overall business strategy. In today's fast-changing marketplace, it is essential to monitor the techniques of similar businesses, and IT is being called upon to fulfill that functional need. IT must provide marketing with answers to vital questions such as: 1. How are competitors getting business? 2. Where does the enterprise look for new customers? 3. How are prospects targeted? 4. What services, products, and prices do competitors offer? 5. What images do our competitors project, and how does that compare to our image? The combined strength of marketing and IT Enterprises have depended on marketing for too long to provide competitive intelligence. It is crucial for IT professionals to contribute their specialized expertise to successfully adapt to the changing dynamics of the market arena. Marketing cannot do the job without the cooperation, tools, and willing support of the IT department. With the combined strength of the two complementary functions, a winning competitive market intelligence program is within the enterprise's reach. Useful and sometimes surprising insights can be gained from exploring the terrain of actual and potential competitors. Hardly an academic exercise, sizing up the competition should become an ongoing, regular, and systematic process of gathering, analyzing, and acting upon relevant data, which will provide businesses with two tangible benefits: It will reveal the steps that management must take to preempt competitive strikes. It will signal new market opportunities. Competitive monitoring enables management to develop practical strategies and measure the success of their actions. What you should know Simply knowing who your competitors are is not enough; you should also ferret out what their strategies and objectives are. You can gauge their strengths and weaknesses by learning about their products and services (current and new), pricing, features, and the level of customer satisfaction. How are your products or services positioned relative to the competition? Do your customers and prospects see your service as having the highest quality and still selling at the lower price? Is your product viewed as the low-cost brand, the premium-priced brand, the old standby, or the leader? After getting some comments, it may still be neither possible nor desirable to change your service's features. Instead, research could point out what to communicate and how to communicate to your market. For example, you could tell your marketing department what potential customers are looking for and highlight the features that are valued by your customers. Your information will enable the marketing people to create materials that tell customers what they want to hear and sell them what they want to buy. Differences can be subtle but they really do matter. Are yesterday's customers and clients being lured away by today's competition? Are they being tempted by the competition's siren song? Are they saying yes to your rival's lower fees or discounts? Are they buying new products or services that your company has not even thought of offering? Who will provide the answers? IT can, at the very least, provide meaningful data to formulate the correct solutions. Potential market threats While management understands the importance of keeping an eye on the competition, some members of management mistakenly believe that the marketing department alone has the resources to do a proper job. This is simply not true. Much valuable information exists in the database mines of the IT function. The IT professional must do some of the digging in those mines to find it. Most IT professionals are already in an excellent position to obtain and use primary competitive

TOEFL Independent Writes Essay Samples - Improve Your Skills

TOEFL Independent Writes Essay Samples - Improve Your SkillsTOEFL Independent Writing Essay Samples is a comprehensive course that will help you improve your listening and speaking skills. You'll also learn English grammar and vocabulary. It's a one day course that has been developed especially for people who are learning English as a second language or English as a foreign language. The TOEFL is the equivalent of the native English test and it's used by schools all over the world.The test measures the skills that are critical in today's global marketplace. As companies grow and expand, they need their staff to be fluent in speaking, reading, writing and understanding, but they don't want to waste money on hiring an employee who can't communicate fluently. The TOEFL has proved time and again that it will improve your language skills and your knowledge of English grammar.A lot of people have come to recognize the value of TOEFL Independent Writing Essay Samples. If you know someone wh o is studying English as a second language or English as a foreign language, then there's a very good chance that he or she has taken this course at least once. These people are in the same boat as you may want to give it a try yourself, too.After the first session you will be able to write essays about anything and everything. Your student will find that the writing sample is easy to understand and you won't have to go back and read the essay again. Even if you've never written before, you can learn to write well with this course and if you have any questions about how to study for the test or where to purchase the book, then you can find the answers on the official website.If you are working to improve your speaking and listening skills, you will find that the paper will be shorter. Because you will be getting practice on a regular basis, youwill also be able to speak well in different situations. The TOEFL is geared towards native English speakers and there is no one way to appro ach the written test. When you take the course you will be getting insight on many different topics.You will be able to work at your own time and at your own pace. There are no set times for writing, nor are there specific rules for each subject. The TOEFL consists of four parts and it takes about 45 minutes to complete them all.If you are looking for English writing samples, then this site offers a large number of different topics and essays. You can select the ones that you like and read through them to get a feel for what to expect. You can purchase a paper and also be given an essay to review, along with other tips.If you are serious about improving your English speaking, reading and writing skills, then you should consider taking an online test to see how well you do in Independent Writing Essay Samples. Take a look and see what you think. If you have any questions about how to choose your papers, then check out the website.

Lees Surrender essays

Lees Surrender essays Some people believe that Robert E. Lee did not have that much influence on the South. They believe that he was a just a great general and that he didn't have much impact on the Confederate states. These people must have been from the North because General Robert E. Lee had a great impact on the South during the war, but he had an even greater impact after the war. People do not always act in their own interests. The South spent more in loss of lives than keeping slavery was worth in economic terms. The North spent more fighting the South than it would have cost to pay for the slave owners for their property. "People by large are guided by leaders. When their leaders march off into a folly, the people often follow" (Alexander 318). The smartest thing Lee ever did was surrender at Appomattox and put an end to the fighting. Before Lee surrendered, he was confronted by Porter Alexander and offered the idea of guerrilla warfare. Lee forcefully and finally rejected the idea of this. He saved countless lives of his soldiers by rejecting this idea. Lee made this statement in the hours before the surrender, "It is our duty to live, for what will become of the women and children of the South if we are not here to support and protect them" (Bradford 111). The South had a great deal of honor and respect for Lee. Everyone knew that Lee had fought to the very end. He had a great influence over the South, consequently, when Lee asked his men to be as good as citizens of a united nation as they had been good soldiers in war, they agreed whole-heartily. His ideas "turned many Southerners away from their feelings of hate and revenge toward cooperation and peace" (Alexander 320). After the war, the South realized that slavery was too expensive. The day after the surrender, Lee told Grant, "The South was now as opposed to human bondage as the North" (Alexander 320). The only real issue between the North and ...

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Research Paper

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace - Research Paper Example The author of the paper states that sexual harassment consists of any unwanted sexual behavior including suggestive look, words, gestures, sexual jokes, physical touching or pressure for sexual favors. There are two types of sexual harassment: quid pro quo harassment and hostile environment. The quid pro quo harassment occurs when sexual favors are requested or demanded in exchange for tangible benefits like advancement and pay increase or to avoid tangible harm viz., loss of job, demotion and so on A more subtle and possibly more pervasive form of sexual harassment is "hostile working environment". It occurs when someone's behavior in the workplace creates an unexpected environment that makes difficult for someone of a particular sex to work." (Bhuyian and Rabbani, p 1). It has been a serious concern in the contemporary work-environment that the issue of sexual harassment in the workplace has not been efficiently dealt with and there are several cases of unwanted sexual behavior in the modern business context.  Although there have been several steps to deal with this social evil, various studies, as well as media reports, confirm that the issue is still a serious concern in the United States. According to Barry S. Roberts and Richard A. Mann, On-the-job sexual harassment has been an important problem affecting the industrial and business sectors of the country. "Despite widespread publicity about the perils of sexual harassment," they maintain, "surveys demonstrate that many businesses operating in the United States have yet to address the problem. Moreover, recent news reports indicate that sexual harassment has reached the highest levels of management. Although businesses know it exists, they appear unsure of what to do about it. As a result, the specter of employer liability for sexual harassment continues to loom over the workplace." (Roberts and Mann) It is essential to realize that the failure to adopt a pro-active and aggressive stance on this issue c an damage employee morale, apart from various kinds of financial and legal liabilities. Importantly, the number of sexual harassment cases filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), as well as in federal and state courts, has increased dramatically in the recent years and on-the-job sexual harassment remains a serious threat to social justice today. Therefore, sexual harassment in the workplace presents a continuing and mounting risk to businesses operating in the United States and it is fundamental to check the rising problem of sexual harassment in the workplace.  

Bulla Ice Cream Situation Analysis Research Paper

Bulla Ice Cream Situation Analysis - Research Paper Example The first commercial ice-cream was produced in Australia in 1907 (Unilever, 2010). Streets ice-cream marked the beginning of the ice-cream industry in Australia in 1920 (Unilever, 2011). This was subsequently taken over by Unilever and is now one of the biggest and best known manufacturers with brands such as Magnum, Paddle Pop and Blue Ribbon. This was the first ice-cream available on sticks and today Magnum sells about 1 billion units per year. 2. Market Statistics Positive change in both value and volume in the Ice-cream sales (Appendix A) in Australia suggests that economic downturn ash not impacted the sales of this luxury food item. Sale has increased by about 9% in value 2 years from 2007 and about 5% in volume. However, there have been significant increases in the sales of tubs (23.2% by volume) while the sales of multipacks and desserts have declined. Again, while Nestle and Unilever have seen declining sales, Bulla’s sales in two years has increased almost one hundre d percent. All other brands such as Weis and Sara Lee have seen sales decline over this period. Amongst the popular brands those of Nestle – Peters Original and Peters Light & Creamy have steadily declined. Brands such as Bulla Real Dairy, Bulla Ribbon and Bulla Creamy Classic have almost doubled in two years. Bulla Ribbon has registered the highest growth (more than 100%). 3. Business Environment Political Australia has very low risk of political stability and the country ranks third in the world for political stability (NSW, 2011). This makes it a safe investment location. Australia is a constitutional democracy based on federal division of powers. Economical Australia offers an environment that encourages freedom of speech and freedom from internal control (MIEPA, n.d.). Business investment and foreign entrepreneurship is encouraged in all sectors. Despite economic downturn ice-cream continues to be an affordable indulgence for the Australians leading to a sustained growth of 3% in 2010 (Euromonitor International, 2010). The ice-cream industry shows an increase at an annualized rate of 2.3% to $485 million in the five years through 2010-11 (Ibisworld, 2011). Socio-cultural – health and wellness products are in high demand and shape the performance of indulgence and impulsive purchase such as increase-creams (Euromonitor International, 2010). This is the reason that despite constrained consumer spending sales remained robust. Impulse ice-cream is identified as a quintessential activity in Australia and a key aspect of Australian life. However, as the consumers have become health-conscious innovative product lines and adapting to changing consumer trends has become important. Technological Australia has the latest technology in ice-cream production and research is an on-going process in Australia. Competition Unilever continues to dominate the entire Asia-Pacific market in ice-creams having 8.6% of the total market share (Appendix B). Nestle and Bulla Dairy are the other two main contenders in this sector 4. Bulla Ice Cream analysis Bulla Dairy is an Australian-owned family business that constantly introduces new products based on technological innovation. Started in 1910, the organization sells its products all over Australia and also exports throughout Asia and the Pacific region. It has diverse range of products categorized into Retail, Foodservice, Route and Export. Yoghurt, ice-creams, cheese and cream are its specialties.

Successful people Essay Example for Free

Successful people Essay Failure is not what sets us apart from the successful individuals around us, but it is how we see and what we do about this failure that makes us outshine them. I finished high school in a public school, but I have never seen this as a deduction from my character or my knowledge. However scarce resources were back then, I managed to perform well. It was not until I was in college when I had my first encounter with failure. I only passed one course, out of the five that I was taking. This made me question my own belief system and how I managed the academic aspect of my life. I know that at one point I did something unacceptable to my own standards. Once I have realized my gaffe I was willing to make up for it. As I tried to recuperate from my letdown, it dawned on me that one of my teachers embarrassed me in front of the whole class and questioned my ability and the lack thereof, leaving me with feelings of resentment. Instead of being supportive and encouraging me, she did the opposite. I have always had the assumption that educators educate children, not make them feel inferior to them because of the numerical measurement of their abilities. Educators are not only teaching concepts, they teach life. And what she taught me was that I did not have what it takes to be better. This is when I realized that I wanted to change what she does, and I wanted to be that change. I deem that I can become a better educator than her, especially to the underserved students because I understand what they go through and I empathize, not pull them down more. I will be able to see from their viewpoint because I grew up in a place like this and can relate to them by utilizing my familiarity with the culture and my personal experiences as a means of teaching. This realization, along with my lifelong passion to share my knowledge and experiences, has led me to the dream of becoming a teacher. If I can show these students my passion for education through a context that they can understand, I can help change their lives. My own failure made me realize why education is vital to everybody. It teaches about life and about the failures that we get to encounter along the way and how to remain standing even after all that’s happened. I worked hard when I was in high school, not because I am underserved, but because I know there’s much more to life than just being caught in a place like this, knowing that I could do better. A lot of these children think that they do not warrant a beautiful future ahead, because of where they came from. But, I can be the example of that beautiful future, I struggled, I was victorious, I went downhill, but I was strong enough to get back on track again. If I can, so can them.

Rowing :: essays research papers

Rowing, the Best Team Sport   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rowing, the thrilling team sport that gets you physically/mentally fit and provides you a second family with many friends. In the sport of crew, teamwork is very crucial. With that teamwork comes new friends and wonderful coaches. Even though you might think this is a physical sport it is also considered to be a mental sport. Just think, baseball has nine innings, approximately two hours of play and a lot can change in that period of time for a loss or win. With crew you only have about seven minutes to get your eight man boat down a two thousand-meter racecourse to receive a medal or win. If you have the lead it is mentally hard to come back and win for the rowers behind the top three boats. Aside of the teamwork going on is the individual effort that you yourself is contributing to the boat. As you are out on the water in the eight man boat you always need to give it your all even if it means pain. In fact, our coach just tells us to eat pain. As you are giving 100% and in pain, your brain is working 100% too. Handle height, legs down quick and hands down and away quick along with the part of feathering the blade. Those are the things you focus on during a race. Oh yeah you also have a cool little person screaming at you to pull harder. They are known as the coxswain (Cox-in). When the coach isn’t there listen to them because they are the assistant coaches. All this is the first stride you take to get that gold medal. Come on you can do one more push up! When you’re in the gym you do not have the support of teammates. At crew you will not give up because of the support you have from your teammates behind you. In the gym you can just say, â€Å"Oh that set can be done another day,† and give up. We have in crew on Tuesday and Thursday a 2k-meter ergometer (erg) test to see who will be in an 8A boat, that is our eight fastest men of our crew. These are the days that you need your friends behind you pushing you so your time comes true that the couch gives you. I know this might seem harsh but when it is all over with you feel very great about the way you look and how you just pulled on the 2k test.

Poetic Drama /Verse Drama of Modern age Essay

Eliot’s plays attempt to revitalize verse drama and usually treat the same themes as in his poetry. They include Murder in the Cathedral (1935), dealing with the final hours of Thomas ÃÆ' Becket; The Family Reunion (1939); The Cocktail Party (1950); The Confidential Clerk (1954); and The Elder Statesman (1959)..(1) Indeed, Eliot hoped that the study and critical reception of early modern verse drama would shape the production of modernist verse drama. In the 1924 essay â€Å"Four Elizabethan Dramatists,† Eliot calls for the study of Elizabethan drama to have a â€Å"revolutionary influence on the future of drama.†(2) Yet, in his later writings as a verse dramatist, Eliot always keeps an arm’s length between himself and the early modern dramatic poets, especially Shakespeare, whom he saw as his strongest precursors in the development of a modernist English verse drama. In the 1951 piece â€Å"Poetry and Drama,† on the matter of verse style in his ow n first major poetic drama, Murder in the Cathedral, Eliot writes, â€Å"As for the versification, I was only aware at this stage that the essential was to avoid any echo of Shakespeare.†¦ Therefore what I kept in mind was the versification of Everyman.†(3) Elsewhere, he is keenly aware of the challenges of writing verse drama for a modernist theatre: â€Å"The difficulty of the author is also the difficulty of the audience. Both have to be trained; both need to be conscious of many things which neither an Elizabethan dramatist, nor an Elizabethan audience, had any need to know.†(4) Eliot finds his whip for training his [p. 105] audience and himself, as dramatist, less in the examples Shakespeare and his contemporaries provide than in the works their medieval predecessors left behind. This essay examines Eliot’s status as a medieval modernist. The periodicity of Eliot’s Middle Ages, problematic as it is, represents the convergence of his animus against modernity and liberalism with his desire for a religiosity that is not marginal, fragmented, and â€Å"compartmentalized† but rather central to the activity of everyday life in a culture and society best characterized by the words unity, integration, and order—the ideological language of conservatism. In part, the concept of Eliot as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"medieval modernist† is indebted to Michael T. Saler’s work on visua l modernism, the English avant-garde, and the London Underground transport system. What Saler describes in terms of medieval modernism is very much a stance or attitude towards the relationship between aesthetic production (imagination) and the utility of consumption (reception) grounded in a social functionalism thought to have its origins in the medieval. I should be quick to point out that Saler is rather ambivalent on the point with regard to Eliot himself: â€Å"While T. S. Eliot might be called a medieval modernist because of his admiration for the organic and spiritual community of the Middle Ages together with his â€Å"impersonal† conception of art, his elitist and formalist views isolate him from several of the central terms of the tradition as I have defined it.Eliot’s ambivalence towards the early modern and repeated turns to the medieval evidence a contradiction between Eliot’s life-long desire for a clearly articulated unity, integration, and order in all aspects of everyday life, including writing and religion, and his fetishization of an early modern period he imagines in terms of anarchy, disorder, and decay. Eliot repeatedly mystifies the early modern period. In his introduction to G. Wilson Knight’s The Wheel of Fire, Eliot gives voice to a vision of the early modern past as a period of phantasmagoric peril, uncertainty, even unknowability: â€Å"But with Shakespeare, we seem to be moving in an air of Cimmerian darkness. The conditions of his life, the conditions under which dramatic art was then possible, seem even more remote from us than those of Dante Verse drama is any drama written as verse to be spoken; another possible general term is poetic drama. For a very long period verse drama was the dominant form of drama in Europe (and was also important in non-European cultures). Greek tragedy and Racine’s plays are written in verse, as is almost all of Shakespeare’s drama, and Goethe’s Faust. Verse drama is particularly associated with the seriousness of tragedy, providing an artistic reason to write in this form, as well as the practical one that verse lines are easier for the actors to memorize exactly. In the second half of the twentieth century verse drama fell almost completely out of fashion with dramatists writing in English (the plays of Christopher Fry and  T. S. Eliot being possibly the end of a long tradition). As Eliot sank ever more deeply into his Anglo-Catholic schtick and he no longer had Pound around to cut the fat and grain filler out of his work, he turned to writing verse drama. He wanted to  reach  people.  He  probably  wanted  to  be  Shakespeare.  Murder in the Cathedral was the first of these verse dramas, and the only one I can even begin to tolerate. The title is intended to evoke a whodunnit; it may be a ponderous Eliotian attempt at a â€Å"witticism†. The joke, such as it is, is that the murderee is Archbishop St. Thomas à   Becket, the killers are some of Henry II’s knights, and the scene of the crime is Canterbury Cathedral, anno domini 1170. If you happened to be hanging around Canterbury in 1935, this was a big win because Canterbury Cathedral is where the thing was first performed. (If you were hanging around  Canterbury  in  1170,  call  me;  we  should  talk).  The background: King Henry II’s wanted to gain influence over the Church in England. He appointed Becket as Archbishop of Canterbury to that end because Becket was his boy. Once in office, Becket’s loyalty shifted to the Church. The two came into conflict over the practice of trying clergy in ecclesiastical courts for civil offenses, and Becket fled to France. While  in France he continued to defy Henry, going so far as to excommunicate some of Henry’s more loyal bishops. At the beginning of the play, Becket returns from his seven-year exile in France. He goes straight to Canterbury, arriving in time for Act I. Four Tempters tempt him. Meanwhile, Henry has put on his John Stanfa hat and made an offhand remark to some of his knights about how convenient it would be if Becket weren’t around any more. The knights draw the obvious conclusion about what he means, and they depart for Canterbury. When they arrive, Becket explains that he is loyal to a higher power than the king. They reply that they aren’t, and they kill him at the altar. The bloodshed is followed by a flourish of self-exculpatory forensic rhetoric from the knights: They argue persuasively that they’ve done the right thing, but not too persuasively because the author doesn’t agree. Exeunt knights; some priests pray at each other and asperse the audience; good  night,  good  night.  Historically, Henry disavowed the whole thing, the knights fell into disgra ce, and Becket was canonized. The whole thing suffers from Late Eliot Syndrome: No tack is left unsledgehammered. He lectures us about his points rather than demonstrating or illustrating them, and the writing is  often less than inspired. Still, it’s better than his other verse dramas: The form and the language are at least appropriate to the material, and the material holds up under the weight of the Message. Eliot later attempted to pile similar Messages onto midcentury English bourgeois melodrama  -in  verse!  It  didn’t  work.  At the height of his powers, Eliot might have done something really interesting with Murder in the Cathedral. Christopher Fry, who has died, aged 97, was, with TS Eliot, the leading figure in the revival of poetic drama that took place in Britain in the late 1940s. His most popular play, The Lady’s Not For Burning, ran for nine months in the West End in 1949. But although Fry was a sacrificial victim of the theatrical revolution of 1956, he bore his fall from fashion with the stoic grace of a Christian humanist and increasingly turned his attention to writing epic films, most notably Ben Hur (1959). The Lady remains Fry’s most popular play: the leading role of Thomas Mendip has attracted actors as various as Richard Chamberlain, Derek Jacobi and Kenneth Branagh. Today, one is struck by the way in which Fry’s euphuistic language – at one point, the hero describes himself as a â€Å"perambulating vegetable patched with inconsequential hair† – overtakes the dramatic action. But in a postwar theatre that had little room for realism, Fry’s medieval setting, rich verbal conceits and self-puncturing irony delighted audiences, and the play became the flagship for the revival of poetic drama. At the same time, Eliot’s The Cocktail Party enjoyed a West End vogue, and a new movement was born. Though less of a public theorist than Eliot, Fry still believed passionately in the validity of poetic drama. As he wrote in the magazine, Adam: â€Å"In prose, we convey the eccentricity of things, in poetry their concentricity, the sense of relationship between them: a belief that all things express the same identity and are all contained in one discipline of revelation.† For a period in the late 1940s and early 50s, Fry helped to revive English verse drama, to which he brought colour, movement and a stoic gaiety. How many of his plays will survive, only time can tell. But, at his best, he brought an undeniable, spiritual elan to the drab world of postwar British theatre. He certainly deserves to be remembered as something more than the inspiration for Margaret Thatcher’s famous remark, â€Å"The lady’s not for turning†. For many centuries from the Greeks onwards verse was, throughout Europe, the natural and almost exclusive medium for the composition and presentation of dramatic works with any pretensions to  «seriousness » or the status of  «art ». Western drama’s twin origins, in the  Greek Festivals and in the rituals of the medieval church, naturally predisposed it to the use of verse. For tragedy verse long remained the only  «proper » vehicle. In comedy the use of prose became increasingly common – giving rise, for example, to such interesting cases as Ariosto’s I suppositi, written in prose in 1509 and reworked twenty years later in verse. (La cassaria also exists in both prose and verse). Shakespeare’s use of prose in comic scenes, especially those of  «low life », and for effective contrast in certain scenes of the tragedies and history plays, shows an increasing awareness of the possibilities of the medium and perhaps already contains an implicit association between prose and  «realism ». Verse continued to be the dominant medium of tragedy throughout the seventeenth century – even domestic tragedies such as A Yorkshire Tragedy (Anon., 1608) or Thomas Heywood’s A Woman Killed With Kindness (1603) were composed in blank verse. For all the continuing use of verse it is hard to escape the feeling that by the end of the seventeenth century it had largely ceased to be a genuinely living medium for dramatists. Increasingly the prevailing idioms of dramatic verse became decidedly literary, owing more to the work of earlier dramatists than to any real relationship with the language of its own time. By 1731 George Lillo’s The London Merchant, or The History of George Barnwell, for all its clumsiness and limitations, in its presentation of a middle-class tragedy in generally effective prose archieved a theatrical liveliness and plausibility largely absent from contemporary verse tragedies – from Addison’s Ca to (1713), Thomson’s Sophonisba (1730) and Agamemnon (1738), or Johnson’s Irene (1749). The example of Racine was vital to such plays, but it was not one that proved very fertile. Lillo was praised in France by Diderot and Marmontel, in Germany by Lessing and Goethe. It is not unreasonable to see Lillo’s work as an early and clumsy anticipation of Ibsen’s. The London Merchant constitutes one indication of the effective  «death » of verse drama. Others are not far to seek. In France, Houdar de La Motte was also writing prose tragedies in the 1720’s, and Stendhal, in the 1820’s was insistent that prose was now the only possible medium for a viable tragedy. Ibsen largely abandoned verse after Peer Gynt (1867), in favour of prose plays more directly and realistically concerned with contemporary issues. A well-known letter to Lucie Wolf (25 May 1883) proclaims that  «Verse has been most injurious to the art of drama†¦ It is improbable that verse will be employed to any extent worth mentioning in the drama of the immediate future since the aims of the dramatists of the future are almost certain to be incompatible with it ». Against the background of such a pattern of development, later dramatic works in verse have often seemed eccentric or academic; this should not blind us, however, to the considerable achievements of modern verse drama and to the importance of the testimony they bear to an idea of drama often radically different from the prevailing modern conceptions. A genre which has given rise to some of the most interesting work of D’Annunzio and Hofmannsthal, Yeats and Eliot, is surely not a negligible one. In the English context, the verse dramas of the Romantics and the Victorians already constituted a kind of  «revival » part of a conscious effort to bring poetry back to the theatre. For the Romantics there was still a potential audience with some sense that verse was the proper  medium for tragedy. The theatrical inexperience of the poets, however, made them ill-equipped for real dramatic achievement. The efforts of Wordsworth (The Borderers), 1795-6), Coleridge (eg. Remorse, 1813), and Keats (Otho the Great, 1819) remain of only antiquarian interest, judged as works for the theatre, though all have much to tell about their makers, and the Borderers, at least, is a work of considerable poetic substance. Perhaps slightly more praise might be extended to some of Byron’s verse dramas (eg. Manfred, 1817; Marino Faliero, 1820; Sardanapalus, 1821) and Shelley’s Cenci (1818) contains some scenes of considerable power. For most of the English romantics, however, the sha dow of Shakespeare proved oppressive; admiration, or rather reverence, for his example produced in their own work a poetic and theatrical idiom lacking all freshness and contemporaneity. It was in the work of other lands and languages that the example of Shakespeare could work more positively. In Germany, for example, there emerged a rich new tradition of verse drama in the works of Lessing (eg. Nathan Der Weise, 1779), Goethe, Schiller, Werner, Kleist (notably in Penthesilea, 1808, and Der Prinz von  Homburg, 1821) and others. In Italy the early plays of Manzoni (Il Conte di Carmagnola, 1820; Adelchi, 1822) provided en example which only a few poet-dramatists endeavoured to follow, while others -such as Niccolini – were more concerned with an attempt to revive Greek models of tragedy. (In Italy verse drama could often not escape from the shadow of the operatic tradition). In America too, verse drama was being attempted by dramatists such as John Howard Payne (eg. Brutus, 1818), Robert Mongomery Bird (The Gladiator, 1831) and, a work of some quality, George Henry Boker’s Francesca da Rimini (1855). In 1827-8 the English troupe made its famous visit to Paris, performing, amongst other works, all four of Shakespeare’s major tragedies. The impact was enormous. One of those most affected and impressed was the young Victor Hugo. In Hugo’s plays, much influenced by Shakespeare, romanticism found far more effective expression in verse drama than it had ever found in England. In plays such as Hernani (1830), Le roi s’amuse (1832), Ruy Blas (1838) and Les Burgraves (1843), Hugo creates a verse idiom of immense vigour which articulates visions of concentrated and extreme human emotion. At his best Hugo’s discrimination of character, if crude, is also striking. Other succesful versedramas later in the century included Francois Coppà ©e’s Severo Torelli (1883) Les Jacobites (1885) and Pour la couronne (1895), as well as Edmond Rostand’s Cyrano de Bergerac (1897). Certainly it is in the work of French and German poets (in plays by Hebbel, Grillparzer and Grabbe as well as those of the poets mentioned earlier) and in the early verse plays of Ibsen notably Brand (1866) and Peer Gynt (1867) – that something li ke the full potential of verse drama is expressed. In England nothing of similar power exists in the nineteenth century. The  plays of James Sheridan Knowles (1784-1862) – such as William Tell (1825) and The Love Chase (1837) – provided effective roles for the great actor-manager Macready, but have little now to offer. Macready also acted in Lytton’s The Lady of Lyons (1838) and Richelieu (1839), both of which had considerable theatrical success, and are not entirely without enduring merits. Poets such as Tennyson (eg. Queen Mary, 1876; Harold, 1876; Becket, 1879) and Browning (eg. Strafford, 1837; A Blot in the Scutcheon, 1843) also wrote for the theatre but displayed very little sense of the genuinely theatrical (Tennyson assumed that he could leave it to Irving to  «fit »Ã‚  Becket for the stage). Other poets wrote closet dramas never intended for performance – Sir Henry Taylor’s enormous Philip Van Artevelde (1834) is an archetypal example of the genre, a work which, its author readily confessed  «was not intended for the stage » and was  «properly an Historical Romance, cast in dramatic and rythmical form ». Much the same might be said of two later and finer works: Swinburne’s Bothwell (1874) of which Edmund Gosse rightly observes that  «in bulk [it] o ne of the five-act Jidai-Mono or classic plays of eighteenth-century Japan, and it could only be performed, like an oriental drama, on successive nights », and The Dynasts (19038) of Thomas Hardy, the text of which occupies some 600 pages and which is described in its subtitle as  «An Epic-Drama of the War of Napoleon in Three Parts, Nineteen Acts, and One Hundred and Thirty Scenes ». The requirements and possibilities of practical theatre have clearly been left far behind; the divorce of the poet from the performers seems complete. Yet there were others who sought to maintain the relationship between poetry and theatre. The plays of Stephen Phillips, for example (eg. Herod, 1901; Ulysses, 1902; Paolo and Francesca, 1902; The King, 1912) have neither the psychological perception of Swinburne nor the historical insight of Hardy, but they did hold the stage with considerable success. Phillips had plenty of theatrical experience, having been an actor in the theatrical company of his cousin, Frank Benson. Phillips’ verse plays were produced by Beerbohm Tree, and they display a sophisticated command of theatrical effect and a wide-ranging, if almost wholly derivative, verse rhetoric which has, very occasionally, genuinely poetic moments. Elsewhere in the early years of the century there is to be found worthwhile work by a multitude of minor figures. Lawrence Binyon’s Attila (1907) and Ayuli (1923); Gordon Bottomley’s King Lear’s Wife (1915) and Gruach (1923); John Masefield’s Good Friday (1917), Esther (1922) and Tristan and Isolt (1927); John Drinkwater’s Cophetua (1911) and Rebellion (1914); Arthur Symons’ The Death of Agrippina and Cleopatra in Judea (1916); T.Sturge Moore’s Daimonissa (1930) – are all of interest and substance, but none can be said to make an overwhelming case for the genre, and all are, in varying degrees unable to escape from the long shadow of Shakespeare, especially as reinterpreted by the nineteenth-  century. Under fresh influences – French Symbolism and Japanese Noh theatre in particular – verse drama began to explore new possibilities. Gordon Bottomley’s later works – such as Fire at Callart (1939) showed an awareness of the possibilities offered by the model of the Noh. Yeats, of course, had more fully explored such possibilities in works such as At the Hawks’ Well, The Only Jealousy of Emer, The Dreaming of the Bones and Calvary (composed c.1915-20), insofar as they were the means of liberation from the obligations of a naturalistic theatre. Verse, music, ritual and dance were woven into a complementary whole. (Irish successors to yeats include Austin Clarke, whose verse plays have been performed by the Abbey Theatre, the Cambridge festival Theatre and others). In later plays such as The Herne’s Egg (1935) and Purgatory (1938) evolves a personal and convincing idiom (both verbally and theatrically) for verse drama. These are superficially simp le, but metaphysically profound works, both verbally exciting and theatrically striking. Elsewhere in Europe, the work of Gabriele D’Annunzio (eg. La città   morta, 1898; Francesca da Rimini, 1901; La figlia di Iorio, 1904) and Hugo von Hofmannsthal (eg. Jedermann, 1912; Das grosse Salzburger Welttheater, 1922) was bearing eloquent testimony to the continuing potential of the genre. In France Claudel was creating a series of verse plays upon religious and philosophical themes, whose intense lyricism and startling imagery for long went without full appreciation (eg. Partage de midi, 1906; Le pain dur, 1918; Le Soulier de satin, 1928-9). Other French twentieth-century verse-dramas include works by Char, Cà ©saire and Cocteau, but the poetic qualities which characterise much that has been most striking in modern French drama have more generally found expression in prose plays rather than verse plays – as, for example, in the work of Giradoux, Anouilh, Beckett, Ionesco and Vian. In Spain, Lorca mixes verse and prose in his plays. In Britain the 1930’s saw a new generation of poets whose experiments did much to broaden the range – in terms both of form and content – of verse drama. The Dog Beneath the Skin (1936) and The Ascent of F.6 (1937) were collaborations by W.H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood which brought a fresh wit and intellectuality, a new radicalism of social comment and contemporary relevance, to the genre. T.S.Eliot’s plays – notably Murder in the Cathedral  (1935) and The Family Reunion (1939) offered persuasive instances of how verse might, for the dramatist, be the means by which one could  «get at the permanent and universal » rather than the merely ephemeral and naturalistic. Murder in the Cathedral was written for performance in Canterbury Cathedral, while The Family Reunion was composed for the commercial theatre. The  idioms of the two plays are, therefore, necessarily very different; taken together the two offer a promise not wholly fulfilled by Eliot’s later plays, such as The Cocktail Party (1950), The Confidential Clerk (1953) and The Elder Statesman (1958). In these later plays the verse lacks the confidence to be genuinely poetic – the linguistic intensity of the pre-war plays gives way to something far more prosaic. Murder in the Cathedral is, in part, striking for its mixture of verse forms and idioms; the Auden and Isherwood collaborations drew on the techniques of the music hall, the pantomime and the revue. From the 1930’s onwards verse dramas have continued to be composed in Britain (and America), many of them works of considerable distinction. Most have been composed for performance outside the commercial theatre – for churches and cathedrals, for universities or drama schools, or for some theatrical groups devoted to verse drama. In London, for example, the Mercury Theatre in Notting Hill Gate, holding no more than 150, was opened by Ashley Dukes in 1933 and was home to E.Martin Browne’s Pilgrim Players. Browne was central to the revival of verse drama in the middle years of the century. He directed all of Eliot’s plays, including the first performance of Murder in the Cathedral. In the 1940’s he directed, at the Mercury, several important verse plays – both religious (eg. Ronald Duncan’s This Way to the Tomb, 1945; Anne Ridler’s The Shadow Factory, 1945) and comic (eg. Christopher Fry’s A Phoenix too Frequent, 1946; Dona gh MacDonagh’s Happy as Larry, 1947). Browne was also associated with the remarkable religious plays by Charles Williams (eg.Thomas Cranmer of Canterbury, 1936; Seed of Adam, 1937; The House of the Octopus, 1945). Indeed, the variety of the verse drama produced in these years was very considerable. It includes the grave beauty of Williams’ plays and the fantastic gaiety of Happy as Larry, its language informed at every turn by the ballads of Dublin and the idiosyncrasies of  colloquial  «Irish ». In the plays of Christopher Fry there is a substantial body of work characterised, at its best, by both a vivacity (even exuberance) of language and a well-developed theatricality. Plays such as The Lady’s Not for Burning (1948)), Venus Observed (1950), A Sleep of Prisoners (1951) and Curtmantle (1961) display a considerable range. Fry can be funny and moving, dazzling and beautiful. He can also be verbose and sentimental. Immensely successful – critically and commercially – at the beginning of his career, Fry’s reputation has suffered since. His best plays are both intelligent and entertaining, and will surely continue to find admirers. There is much that is rewarding, too, in the work of Ronald Duncan – in Our Lady’s Tumbler (195 0), which has some fine choric writing, or in Don Juan (1953); Stephen Spender’s Trial of a Judge (1938) is an intriguing experiment, with some highly effective moments. Louis MacNeice’s The Dark Tower (1946) is a rich and  mysterious  «radio parable play » in verse. The tradition of verse drama has continued to attract writers, and they have continued to produce interesting plays; such plays have, however, largely been seen (or read) only by specialised audiences. Few have found their way on to the commercial stage. Robert Gittings’ Out of this Wood (1955); Jonathan Griffin’s The Hidden King (1955); John Heath-Stubbs’ Helen in Egypt, (1958); Patric Dickinson’s A Durable Fire (1962) the list might be extended considerably. More recent years have seen the production (or publication) of significant verse plays by, amongst others, Peter Dale (The Cell, 1975; Sephe, 1981), Tony Harrison (eg. The Misanthrope, 1973; Phaedra Britannica, 1975; The Oresteia, 1981; The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus, 1990), Seamus Heaney (The Cure at Troy, 1990) and Francis Warner (eg. Moving Reflections, 1982; Living Creation, 1985; Byzantium, 1990). In America the tradition begun in the nineteenth century and continued by dramatists such as Josephine Preston Peabody (eg. Marlowe, 1901) and William Vaughn Moody (eg. The FireBringer, 1904), has had such later practitioners as Percy Mackaye (The Mystery of Hamlet, 1949), Maxwell Anderson (eg. Elizabeth the Queen, 1930; Winterset, 1935), Richard Eberhart (eg. The Visionary Farms, 1952; The Mad Musician, 1962) and Archibald MacLeish (eg. J.B., 1958; Herakles, 1967). Modern verse-drama has extended the formal possibilities of the genre far beyond the traditions of  blank-verse tragedy. A wide range of verse forms, of free-verse, and of experiments derived from the techniques of revue and music-hall have played their part in the evolution of new and striking theatrical forms. Why have so many writers continued to be attracted to verse drama when, as Peter Dale observes, his chances of seeing his work performed are generally very slight? If, like Ibsen after Peter Gynt, the dramatist’s aim is to write  «the genuine, plain language spoken in real life » (letter of 25 May 1883 quoted above) he will not, presumably, be attracted to verse as a likely medium. If, on the other hand, he feels with Yeats that the post-Ibsen prose of Shaw’s plays was devoid of  «all emotional implication », or if he shares the sentiments expressed by T.S.Eliot in his 1950 lecture on  «Poetry and Drama », it is more than probable that he will feel it necessary to turn to verse: It seems to me that beyond the nameable, classifiable emotions and motives of our conscious life when directed towards action – the part of like which prose drama is wholly adequate to express – there is a fringe of indefinite extent, of feeling which we can only detect, so to speak, out of the corner of the eye and can never completely focus †¦ This peculiar range of sensibility can be expressed by dramatic poetry, at its moments of greatest intensity. At such moments we  touch the border of those feelings which only music can express. We can never emulate music, because to arrive at the condition of music would be the annihilation of poetry, and especially of dramatic poetry. Never the less, I have before my eyes a kind of mirage of the perfection of verse drama, which would be a design of human action and words, such as to present at once the two aspects of dramatic and musical order †¦ To go as far in this direction as possible to go, without losing tha t contact with the ordinary everyday world with which drama must come to terms, seems to me the proper aim of dramatic poetry. Such thoughts enable us to see modern verse drama as much more than that reaction against naturalism as which it has often been depicted. At its best  verse drama is too positive an aspiration for it to be adequately understood merely as a reaction to the dominant idiom of the time. Much of what is best and most attractive in European theatre of the last 40 years might be described as post-naturalist, rather than merely anti-naturalist; verse-drama has made, and should continue to make, important and distinctive contributions to post-naturalism. According to Francis Fergussan, a poetic drama is a drama in which you â€Å"feel† the characters are poetry and were poetry before they began to speak. Thus poetry and drama are inseparable. The playwright has to create a pattern to justify the poetic quality of the play and his poetry performs a double function. First, it is an action itself, so it must do what it says. Secondly, it makes explicit what is really happening. Eliot in his plays has solved the problem regarding language, content  and  versification. In the twentieth century, the inter-war period was an age suited to the poetic drama. There was a revival and some of the poets like W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot tried their hands in writing of poetic plays. This was a reaction against prose plays of G. B. Shaw, Galsworthy and others because these plays showed a certain lack of emotional touch with the moral issue of the age. W. B. Yeats did not like this harsh criticism of the liberal idea of the nineteenth century at the hands of dramatists like G. B. Shaw. So he thought the drama of ideas was a failure to grasp the reality of the age. On the other hand, the drama of entertainment (artificial comedy) was becoming dry and uninteresting. It was under these circumstances that the modern playwrights like T. S. Eliot, J.M. Synge, W. B. Yeats, W. H. Auden, Stephen Spendor and so on have made the revival the poetic drama possible. The Choruses. A striking feature of â€Å"Murder in the Cathedral† is Eliot’s use of poetic choruses like the choruses in ancient Greek drama. The producer must decide the method which will project most effectively in the theatre these recurring choral passages, spoken by the Women of Canterbury. There are eight poetic rhapsodies or choruses, comprising approximately one fifth of  the text. The poetry in the choruses invites all the imaginative enrichment which light, music and dance can give it.  The chorus commenced in Greek drama, originally as a group of singers or chanters. Later, a Greek playwright called Thespis introduced an actor on the stage who held a dialogue with the leader of the chorus. Playwrights like Aeschylus and Sophocles added a second and a third actor to interact with the chorus. Finally, the chorus took on the role of participants in the action and interpreters of what is happening on stage. Eliot has based â€Å"Murder in the Cathedral† on the form of classic Greek tragedy. He uses the chorus to enhance the dramatic effect, to take part in the action of the play, and to perform the roles of observer and commentator. His chorus women represent the common people, who lead a life of hard work and struggles,  no matter who rules. It is only their faith in God that gives them the strength to endure. These women are uneducated, country folk, who live close to the earth. As a result, they are in tune with the changing seasons and the moods of nature. At present, they have an intuition of death and evil. They fear that the new year, instead of bringing new hope, will bring greater suffering. The three priests have three different reactions to Becket’s arrival. The first reacts with the fear of a calamity.The second is a little bold and says that there can hardly be any peace between a king who is busy in intrigue and an archbishop who is an equally proud, self-righteous man. The third priest feels that the wheel of time always move ahead, for good or evil. He believes that a wise man, who cannot change the course of the wheel, lets it move at its own pace.